Import and export standards
One of the oldest processes that have been carried out since the beginning of early human communities has been trading and exchanging goods, which ultimately led to trade and export and import.
Trade in primitive societies was carried out in a simple form of barter, and man met his needs by direct exchange of goods with other goods. They received their opinion.
Introduction
One of the oldest processes that have been carried out since the beginning of early human communities has been trading and exchanging goods, which ultimately led to trade and export and import.
Trade in primitive societies was carried out in a simple form of barter, and man met his needs by direct exchange of goods with other goods. received their opinion, the parties to the transaction in this type of exchange, depending on the case, use the basic methods of measurement such as observation, touching, weighing, measuring, tasting, etc. They separated. Therefore, the buyer used the common criteria at that time to know the quality of the traded goods. In addition, due to the limited number of available goods, there was not much choice for buyers. Most of the goods that were exchanged in this way were: salt, leather, dates, ornaments, weapons, etc.
In the beginning, due to the lack of money, trading was done only in the form of exchanging goods with each other, which caused many problems for buyers and sellers in terms of the difference in the value of the goods with each other.
The traditional and primitive way of business has gradually progressed over time and simultaneously with the progress of mankind in the shadow of the categories of life, and this evolution has progressed until today, with the existence of the World Trade Organization (WTO), codified and modern rules for buying and selling goods have been compiled. is, continues.
In these rules, the earth is assumed to be a global village, the direction of movement for exporters and importers is clear, and the member countries of this organization are required to implement its rules.
From long ago, merchants, both exporters and importers, had many intellectual concerns. Exporters are always in fear of losing their goods without reaching their value or reducing the quality of their goods, and importers also have concerns such as not receiving the goods despite paying for them, receiving goods with a lower quality than the agreed amount or receiving A product other than that has its own order, and of course, these concerns are more or less present even now, although with the advancement of business science, the amount of these concerns has been greatly reduced.
Standard and trade
One of the factors that can provide comfort to exporters and importers to a great extent is the presence of a third party in the trade between them. Prepared for arbitration and provides the basis for the transfer of goods from the hands of the seller to the buyer. This third factor, which is also known as the third eye, must have the following characteristics:
Be trusted and approved by both parties (buyer and seller).
to encompass all aspects of business.
Have decision-making power.
In relation to the quantity and quality of the exchanged goods, there should be specific and codified definitions.
Undoubtedly, standard institutions in the world, considering that they have the above-mentioned four properties, can play the role of the third factor in business, because the standard language is the language of international understanding, and basically the lexical concept of standard, example, rule, principle, scale is adopted and whatever is accepted as a basis for comparison.
Therefore, the compliance of goods, services, procedures, quality system or anything with the standard means that special rules, principles and regulations have been observed in those cases.
Standardization is the concept of legalization and compliance with scientific and technical principles and rules in various matters such as production, trade, transportation, communication, etc.
It is obvious that if both the buyer and the seller declare their adherence to a certain standard, they can easily conduct their transactions under the protection of this common language.
Standard types
Depending on whether the buyer and the seller are from the same nationality or from two different nationalities, the exchange of goods between them is defined as domestic purchase and sale or export and import, and each of these two transactions is subject to its own standards, so it is necessary to Let’s get acquainted with all kinds of standards here.
1) National standard
It is a standard that is determined, developed and published by the standards institute of that country by taking advantage of the results of science and techniques and the opinions of experts, practitioners and relevant officials at the level of a country in order to determine the national standard of a country, such as economic conditions. , geography and available facilities are considered. According to the case, the national standard is used for products, work procedures, services, etc. The main goals in the preparation and implementation of national standards are: maintaining and improving the level of technology, supporting consumers and producers, and ultimately providing national interests.
There is no doubt that buyers and sellers residing in a country must follow the national standards of that country and act accordingly.
2) regional standard
It is a standard that is used to facilitate commercial exchanges in a specific region, consisting of a number of neighboring countries or a group of countries.
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